The present administration has come up with
the Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) in a bid to earn foreign
exchange from agriculture and make the nation self-sufficient in food
production. But, with the continual drift of the young population of
young Nigerians moving away from the rural areas to the urban in search
of white collar jobs and away from the drudgery of manual farm labour,
self sufficiency in food production is becoming a herculean task.
Seasonal shortage of food is becoming apparent as a result despite
the fact that many labourers lack the incentive or tools to perform the
high quality work needed to improve productivity. So, feeding the
increasing population cannot be done with the cutlass and hoe or an
agricultural system that relies on human muscles. In developed
countries, mechanisation has taken over from the use of raw human power
as is still the case in Nigeria.
The policy challenges of mechanisation, or lack of it, are of far
reaching significance. The use of poorly-yielding varieties of planting
materials even compound the problem further as crops yields across the
nation have remained relatively stagnant and low over time, posing
serious policy challenges that require urgent intervention. Agricultural
mechanisation, embracing the use of tools, implements, and machines for
a wide range of farm operations such as land preparation, planting,
harvesting, on-farm processing among others, therefore becomes
desirable.
There is an added dimension of soil, water and forest conservation
practices that need to be built into the larger framework of
environmental impact of agriculture, climate change and food security.
The constraint posed by the prevailing land tenure system on
mechanisation is such that agricultural lands in many parts of Nigeria
are not easily made available for farming because of extant influences
such as ownership structure and the stiff competition for estate
development today, which is exerting dangerous influence on agriculture
and the prospect of feeding the nation.
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) reckons that
Nigeria is still at the early stage of agricultural mechanisation; even
at that, it notes that the mechanisation of power-intensive operations
has been slow. A significantly higher proportion of farming area is
still cultivated by hand tools in Nigeria and West Africa compared to
other developing countries
Statistics had it that, last year, a total of 3,012,360 ha of land
was expected to be put under cultivation in the Nigeria with a tractor
population of about 40,000 with a tractorisation density of 0.1 hp/ha.
The tractorisation density of the country fell short of the recommended
1.5hp/ha by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
For Nigeria to be able to feed its growing population, therefore, there
is a need for investment in mechanisation both on the part of the
private and public sectors.
Source